Understanding the geographic distribution of species is a key
concern in conservation. By pairing species occurrences with environmental features, researchers can model the relationship between an environment and the species which may be found there. To advance the stateof-the-art in this area, a large-scale machine learning competition called
GeoLifeCLEF 2020 was organized. It relied on a dataset of 1.9 million
species observations paired with high-resolution remote sensing imagery,
land cover data, and altitude, in addition to traditional low-resolution
climate and soil variables. This paper presents an overview of the competition, synthesizes the approaches used by the participating groups,
and analyzes the main results. In particular, we highlight the ability of
remote sensing imagery and convolutional neural networks to improve
predictive performance, complementary to traditional approaches.